Examlex
A solution of pH 5 is ______________ times as acidic as a solution of pH 6.
Third-variable Problem
A scenario in research where an unmeasured variable causes or influences both variables of interest, potentially misleading interpretations of a correlation or relationship.
Causal Relationship
A connection between two events or states where one event is understood to be a direct result of the other.
Confounding Variable
An external variable that influences both the dependent and independent variables in a study, potentially skewing the results.
Observational Study
A study in which the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating variables.
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