Which of the Following Phases of Swallowing Is Voluntary

question 44

Multiple Choice

Which of the following phases of swallowing is voluntary?

• A) The tongue pushing the bolus of the food towards the pharynx
• B) The secretion of saliva rich in digestive enzymes by the parotid gland
• C) The raising of the soft palate to cover the opening to the nasal cavity
• D) The contraction of pharyngeal muscles to pull the pharynx towards the food
• E) The peristaltic wave in the pharynx and esophagus to push the food towards the stomach

Recognize the functions of specific neurotransmitters and brain regions in behavior and cognition.

Explain the importance of animal models in understanding the biological basis of personality.

Describe the mind-body problem and various philosophical perspectives on the relationship between the brain and consciousness.

Identify how lesions and brain injuries can affect behavior and personality.

---

Definitions:

Cognitive Functioning

The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding, including perception, reasoning, memory, and judgment.

Logical Thinking

The process of reasoning consistently and rationally, applying systematic steps and principles in problem-solving and decision-making.

Living

The state of being alive and capable of growth, reproduction, function, and continual change preceding death.

Dualistic Thinking

The tendency to categorize aspects of life into binaries or opposites, often viewing them as completely separate and distinct.