Many Individuals Use Drugs as Negative Reinforcement to Escape from Unpleasantness

question 115

Multiple Choice

Many individuals use drugs as negative reinforcement to escape from unpleasantness (pain, stress, anxiety) in their lives.This phenomenon is called all of the following EXCEPT

• A)self-medication.
• B)tension reduction.
• C)controlled dosing.
• D)negative affect.

---

Definitions:

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behaviors of others and imitating those behaviors without direct instruction or reinforcement.

Operant Conditioning

A process of teaching in which behavior modification occurs as a result of either encouraging rewards or imposing punishments.

Ivan Pavlov

A Russian physiologist known for his work in classical conditioning, demonstrating how stimuli can trigger conditioned responses.

Extinction

In psychology, it refers to the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response.