What Effects Do Exercise and Body Position Have on Renal

question 13

Multiple Choice

What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow?

• A) Exercise and body position activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction.
• B) They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction.
• C) Both activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.
• D) They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcer

An innately valuable stimulus, such as food or drink, that satisfies a biological need and reinforces behaviors without prior learning.

Aversive Stimulus

An unpleasant or noxious stimulus used to elicit a response or to condition a behavior through negative reinforcement or punishment.

Secondary Reinforcer

An acquired reinforcing stimulus, which becomes effective through its link with a primary reinforcer.

Positive Reinforcer

A prompting element, which upon being offered subsequent to an action, elevates the chances of the repetition of that action.