Considering the Pathophysiologic Process of Osteoporosis,what Are the Effects of Extracellular

question 42

Multiple Choice

Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis,what are the effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) on osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

• A) ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts, and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts.
• B) ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts.
• C) ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts.
• D) ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts, and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts.

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Definitions:

Torque Output

The measure of the rotational force generated by an engine or motor, typically expressed in Newton meters or foot-pounds.

Drivetrain

Term used to describe the components that move a vehicle down the highway from the engine, transmission, propeller shaft(s), drive axle carrier, drive axle shafts, and drive wheel assemblies. The engine is the prime mover of the drivetrain and the role of the transmission is to manage the output ratios.

Gearshift Lever

A manual control used by the driver to change gears in a vehicle's transmission.

Range Control Button

A component in vehicles that allows the driver to select different drivetrain ranges or modes.