A Loss of Function of Apaf1, the Human Homologue of Ced-4

question 24

Multiple Choice

A loss of function of Apaf1, the human homologue of ced-4 in nematodes, is most likely to result in which of the following?

• A) activation of a developmental pathway found in the nematode but not in humans
• B) a form of cancer in which normal apoptosis fails
• C) excess activation of the human analog of the ced-3 protease
• D) extensive tissue damage due to excess apoptosis

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Definitions:

Bid-rigging

A form of fraud in which competitors agree in advance who will win a bidding process, undermining fair competition.

Sealed-bid Auctions

Auctions in which all bidders simultaneously submit sealed bids to the auctioneer, with no bidder knowing the bid of any other participant.

Bid Rotation

A form of collusion in auction markets where participants take turns being the lowest bidder to ensure each wins a proportion of contracts over time.

Cartels

Organizations or associations of producers or suppliers formed to maintain prices at a high level and restrict competition.