Solved

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infects Cells That Have Both CD4

question 49

Multiple Choice

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects cells that have both CD4 and CCR5 cell surface molecules. The viral nucleic acid molecules are enclosed in a protein capsid, and the protein capsid is itself contained inside an envelope consisting of a lipid bilayer membrane and viral glycoproteins. One hypothesis for viral entry into cells is that binding of HIV membrane glycoproteins to CD4 and CCR5 initiates fusion of the HIV membrane with the plasma membrane, releasing the viral capsid into the cytoplasm. An alternative hypothesis is that HIV gains entry into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis, and membrane fusion occurs in the endocytotic vesicle. To test these alternative hypotheses for HIV entry, researchers labeled the lipids on the HIV membrane with a red fluorescent dye. What would be observed by live-cell fluorescence microscopy immediately after HIV entry if HIV enters the cell by endocytosis first, and then later fuses with the endocytotic vesicle membrane?

Definitions:

Medication

Any substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease or improve a condition or symptom.

Paperwork

Written or printed documents, forms, or records that are used for organizing, recording, or communicating information.

Risk Management

The identification of all exposure to financial loss of a business and includes the selection of techniques to manage those exposures; The Joint Commission defines risk management in health care as “clinical and administrative activities undertaken to identify, evaluate, and reduce the risk of injury to patients, staff, and visitors and the risk of loss to the organization itself.”

Financial Loss

Occurs when the value of an asset decreases or expenses surpass income, leading to a negative financial outcome.