Using the Symbols +, −, and 0 to Indicate Interspecific

question 24

Multiple Choice

Using the symbols +, −, and 0 to indicate interspecific species interactions, where the first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned, which of the following claims/statements is correct?

• A) +/0 will always remain such.
• B) A +/− interaction could shift to +/0 or +/+ over time, depending on other factors such as competition, population density, or environmental changes.
• C) Species interactions occur in isolation and cannot affect the structure of ecological communities.
• D) A −/− interaction benefits both of the species in the relationship.

---

Definitions:

Daily Activities

Routine tasks and behaviors performed by individuals on a daily basis, essential for personal care and living.

Psychosocial

Referring to the interrelation of social factors and individual thought and behavior, highlighting how social environments influence psychological development.

Risk Factors

are characteristics or conditions that increase the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

Chronicity

A characteristic of a health condition where it is long-lasting or recurrent, typically requiring long-term management.