Using the Symbols +, −, and 0 to Indicate Interspecific

question 24

Multiple Choice

Using the symbols +, −, and 0 to indicate interspecific species interactions, where the first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned, which of the following claims/statements is correct?

• A) +/0 will always remain such.
• B) A +/− interaction could shift to +/0 or +/+ over time, depending on other factors such as competition, population density, or environmental changes.
• C) Species interactions occur in isolation and cannot affect the structure of ecological communities.
• D) A −/− interaction benefits both of the species in the relationship.

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