Natural Selection Favors Altruism When the Benefit to the Recipient

question 57

Multiple Choice

Natural selection favors altruism when the benefit to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness exceeds the cost to the altruist. Which of the following best describes the coefficient of relatedness?

• A) It is a measure of the fraction of genes that, on average, are shared between an altruist and the organism that it benefits.
• B) It is the number of generations that separate an altruist and the organism that it benefits.
• C) It is a measure of the difference in frequencies of altruistic alleles in neighboring populations.
• D) It is a measure of the rate of mutations in altruistic alleles.

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Definitions:

Safety Stock

Inventory held in reserve to guard against stockouts caused by variability in demand or supply chain delays.

Lead Time

The time interval from the initiation of a process (such as placing an order) to its completion (such as the delivery of goods or services).

Lean

Lean is a systematic method for waste minimization within a manufacturing system without sacrificing productivity, focusing on enhancing value for the customer.

Inventory Management

The supervision of non-capitalized assets and stock items, involving the control of purchase, storage, and use of materials.