Which of the Following Describes the Process by Which White-Crowned

question 31

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the process by which white-crowned sparrows learn the "crystallized" song for their species?

• A) by listening to adult sparrow songs during a sensitive period as a fledgling, followed by a practice period until the juvenile matches its melody to its memorized fledgling song
• B) by listening to the song of its own species during a critical period so that it will imprint to its own species song and not the songs of other songbird species
• C) by performing the crystallized song as adults when they become sexually mature, as the song is programmed into the innate behavior for the species
• D) by observing and practicing after receiving social confirmation from other adults at a critical period during their first episode of courtship behavior

Recognize the influence of culture on the development of moral reasoning.

Understand the concept of power in organizational contexts and its sources.

Identify and explain various bases of power and their implications on employee effectiveness and organizational hierarchy.

Recognize the role of informal relationships and networking in acquiring power.

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Definitions:

Argyris's Theory

A theory proposed by Chris Argyris that explores how organizational structures can influence individuals' behavior and development, emphasizing the importance of creating an environment where employees can easily express and apply their capabilities.

Principle of Specialization

The organizational principle suggesting that dividing tasks and responsibilities among individuals or groups boosts efficiency and expertise by allowing them to focus on specific facets of their work.

Theory Y

A management concept that assumes employees are self-motivated, seek responsibility, and are creative problem solvers.

Job Autonomy

The extent to which a role allows a worker the autonomy to plan their tasks and decide on the methods to accomplish them.