African Lungfish, Which Are Often Found in Small, Stagnant Pools

question 7

Multiple Choice

African lungfish, which are often found in small, stagnant pools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is an advantage of this adaptation?

• A) Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia.
• B) Small, stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute ammonia, which is toxic.
• C) Urea forms an insoluble precipitate.
• D) Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool.

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Definitions:

Punished

The act of imposing a penalty or negative consequence on someone or something as a result of their behavior or actions.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process through which behavior is shaped and maintained by consequences, including rewards and punishments.

Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning refers to the learning mechanism where a response initially triggered by a second stimulus becomes triggered by the first stimulus after the two stimuli have been paired together repeatedly.

Skinner

B.F. Skinner, an American psychologist known for his influential work in behaviorism and for developing the theory of operant conditioning.