At One Time, Sponges Were Lumped into One Phylum

question 50

Multiple Choice

At one time, sponges were lumped into one phylum. Then, they were separated into several different phyla. Now, they are considered one phylum again. These changes indicate which of the following?

• A) Every phylogeny should be considered a hypothesis that must be revised in the light of new data.
• B) We need more fossil evidence of sponges.
• C) Molecular and morphological data often conflict when we try to reconstruct evolutionary history.
• D) The goal of making all taxonomic groups monophyletic is unrealistic.

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Definitions:

Queer Theory

An interdisciplinary perspective that seeks to challenge normative concepts of gender and sexuality, exploring the fluidity and social construction of these identities.

Heterosexism

The assumption that heterosexuality is the norm or superior to other sexual orientations, leading to discrimination and bias against non-heterosexual people.

Racialized Double Standard

The application of different principles, expectations, or treatments for people or groups based on racial or ethnic characteristics, often to the detriment of marginalized communities.

Exotic

Originating from, characteristic of, or unusual because of being from a foreign country or culture.