Restriction Enzymes in Bacteria Protect the Bacteria from Successful Attack

question 28

Multiple Choice

Restriction enzymes in bacteria protect the bacteria from successful attack by bacteriophages, whose genomes can be degraded by the restriction enzymes. The bacterial genomes are not vulnerable to these restriction enzymes because bacterial DNA is methylated. This situation selects for bacteriophages whose genomes are also methylated. As new strains of resistant bacteriophages become more prevalent, they in turn select for bacteria whose genomes are not methylated and whose restriction enzymes instead degrade methylated DNA. Which of the following factors is most likely to cause the changes?

• A) frequency-dependent selection
• B) evolutionary imbalance
• C) heterozygote advantage
• D) neutral variation

Understand the ethical and practical limitations of analogue research.

Differentiate between external and internal validity in the context of analogue research.

Acknowledge the debate surrounding the utility of analogue methodology in counseling research.

Identify factors that can increase the resemblance of analogue research findings to real-life counseling.

---

Definitions:

Intelligence

The ability to learn, understand, and apply knowledge and skills, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

A cognitive ability assessment tool that measures intelligence through various verbal and non-verbal tasks.

Mental Age

An assessment of an individual's mental aptitude based on the average age at which people achieve a particular score.

William Stern

A German psychologist who is best known for developing the concept of the intelligence quotient (IQ) and for his significant contributions to differential psychology.