Restriction Enzymes in Bacteria Protect the Bacteria from Successful Attack

question 12

Multiple Choice

Restriction enzymes in bacteria protect the bacteria from successful attack by bacteriophages, whose genomes can be degraded by the restriction enzymes. The bacterial genomes are not vulnerable to these restriction enzymes because bacterial DNA is methylated. This situation selects for bacteriophages whose genomes are also methylated. As new strains of resistant bacteriophages become more prevalent, they in turn select for bacteria whose genomes are not methylated and whose restriction enzymes instead degrade methylated DNA. Which of the following outcomes is most likely to occur over the course of evolutionary time?

• A) Methylated DNA should become fixed in the gene pools of bacterial species.
• B) Nonmethylated DNA should become fixed in the gene pools of bacteriophages.
• C) Methylated DNA should become fixed in the gene pools of bacteriophages.
• D) Methylated and nonmethylated strains should be maintained among both bacteria and bacteriophages, with ratios that vary over time.

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Definitions:

Group Process

The sequence of interactions and dynamics that occur within a team or collective as they work towards a common objective.

Member Satisfaction

The degree to which members of a group or organization are content with the experiences and outcomes of their participation.

Heterogeneous Team

consists of members with diverse backgrounds, skills, and perspectives, which can enhance creativity, problem-solving, and innovation within the group.

Gratification

A sense of pleasure or satisfaction gained from achieving something or fulfilling a desire.