A Fish Is Looking from the Water Out to the Air

question 24

Essay

A fish is looking from the water out to the air. At what angle with the normal to the water's surface does the fish need to look in order to spot a boat on the surface of the water? Indices of refraction are, for air and water, n_air = 1 and n_water = 1.33.

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Definitions:

Confirmation Bias

The inclination to seek out, understand, prefer, and remember data in a manner that affirms an individual's existing notions or assumptions.

Self-Serving Bias

A cognitive bias that causes individuals to attribute their successes to internal or personal factors while attributing failures to external or situational factors.

Aversive Prejudice

Subtle, often unconscious prejudice that manifests in avoidance of certain groups or individuals, without overt hostility or hatred.

Stereotypes

Oversimplified generalized ideas about a group of people that often do not reflect reality and can result in unfair assumptions.