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During the firing of a nerve cell, the membrane potential rises above -70 mV. The equilibrium ratio of the concentration of Cl- ions in axoplasm to interstitium before the pulse arrives is 0.072. In which direction will the Cl- ions flow during the passage of the pulse?
Economies of Scale
The cost advantages that enterprises enjoy due to their scale of operation, with cost per unit of output generally decreasing with increasing scale.
Individual Farmers
Independent agricultural producers who own or manage their farm operations, differing from corporate or collective farming operations.
Industrial Education
Educational programs focused on teaching the skills and knowledge necessary for employment in industries, including technical training and apprenticeships.
Social Darwinism
A theory that applies the concept of survival of the fittest to human society, justifying inequalities and promoting a laissez-faire political and economic system.
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