Internal Validity Is Increased by the Absence of

question 35

Multiple Choice

Internal validity is increased by the absence of

• A)randomization.
• B)treatment variance.
• C)confounding.
• D)control.

---

Definitions:

Fixed Costs

Costs that do not change with the level of output or production, such as rent, salaries, and insurance premiums.

Operating Costs

Expenses associated with the day-to-day functioning of a business, including costs for rent, utilities, payroll, and raw materials.

Single Energy Source

The use of one type of energy for powering processes or activities, without reliance on multiple or alternative sources.

Commodity Prices

The market prices for raw materials or primary agricultural products that are traded in bulk on the commodities market.