What Does NOT Contribute to the Establishment of a Vertical

question 279

Multiple Choice

What does NOT contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?

• A) the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
• B) countercurrent multiplication in the long loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
• C) urea recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle
• D) active transportation of sodium out of ascending limb of the loop of Henle

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