If Peristalsis in the Esophagus Is Insufficient to Carry an Especially

question 289

Multiple Choice

If peristalsis in the esophagus is insufficient to carry an especially large bolus of food through the esophagus to the stomach, what happens to dislodge this trapped food?

• A)A secondary peristaltic wave is initiated by the swallowing centre.
• B)A secondary peristaltic wave is initiated by distention of the esophagus, mediated by the intrinsic nerve plexuses.
• C) The food remains in the esophagus until the swallowing mechanism is voluntarily initiated once again.
• D) Increased esophageal mucus secretion occurs to lubricate the stuck bolus so that it can slide to the stomach.

Understand the role of confirmation bias in affecting judgment and decision-making.

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Identify cognitive biases and heuristics that lead to systematic errors in decision making.

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Definitions:

Flatter Organizations

Organizational structures with fewer levels of management and a broader span of control, which often result in improved communication and faster decision-making.

Organizational Hierarchy

A system in organizations that structures and ranks its parts or positions in order of importance or authority.

Virtual Teams

Teams that operate remotely, often from different geographical locations, and rely on digital communication technologies for collaboration and task completion.

Face-to-Face Teams

Teams that operate and interact primarily through direct, in-person meetings, emphasizing the value of physical presence for collaboration and communication.