A Trial Judge Who Accepts, Without Formal Proof, Matters of Common

question 4

Multiple Choice

A trial judge who accepts, without formal proof, matters of common knowledge is said to be ____________________________________.

• A) taking judicial notice of certain facts
• B) accepting a proffer of evidence
• C) making a determination of relevancy or competency
• D) None of these

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Definitions:

Internal Validity

The extent to which a study can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables, free from external influence.

Random Assignment

A process used in experimental designs to assign subjects randomly to either the treatment group or the control group, ensuring that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group.

Equivalent

Equal in value, function, or meaning.

Confounding Variables

Variables that are not the primary interest of a study but can influence the outcome, making it difficult to establish a clear cause-and-effect relationship.