Which of the Following Issues Has Been Raised Regarding the Validity

question 37

Multiple Choice

Which of the following issues has been raised regarding the validity of social control theory?

• A) Delinquency may lead to weakened social bonds, not vice versa.
• B) Social control theory has never been empirically tested.
• C) Social control theory applies primarily to lower-class youth and does not explain the criminal behavior of middle- and upper-class youth.
• D) Social control theory relies too heavily on social relationships that are difficult to measure.

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Definitions:

Permanently Unemployed

Refers to individuals who are out of the workforce for an extended period, with little to no prospect of returning to gainful employment due to various structural or personal factors.

Urban Underclass

A segment of the population living in urban areas that is characterized by high levels of poverty, unemployment, and social marginalization.

Working Poor

Individuals who have employment but whose earnings are not sufficient to meet the minimum living standards.

Economic Support

Financial or material assistance provided to individuals, families, or communities to ensure their basic needs are met or to support economic development.