Which of These Is Not an Example of How Test-Taking

question 24

Multiple Choice

Which of these is not an example of how test-taking skills can have a negative effect on test scores?

• A)Tests underestimate a child's intelligence if a child's culture encourages children to solve problems by collaborating with others and discourages them from excelling as individuals.
• B)Many economically disadvantaged children are wary of questions posed by unfamiliar adults and often answer test questions by saying, 'I don't know', a strategy that guarantees an artificially low test score.
• C)Asking an economically disadvantaged child to answer a question using Raven's Progressive Matrices results in lower test scores because of differential cultural values.
• D)When given extra time to feel at ease with an examiner, economically disadvantaged children respond less often with 'I don't know' and their test scores improve.

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Definitions:

Moral Development

The growth of an individual's understanding of the principles of right and wrong and the application of this understanding to behavior.

Autonomous Morality

The stage of development where individuals follow internal moral principles, rather than obeying external rules and authority.

Heteronomous Morality

A stage in moral development where children base their moral judgments on the dictates of authority figures.

Moral Realism

is the philosophical viewpoint that moral truths exist independently of human knowledge or perception, and that these truths are objective.