Find the exact value of the given expression. 
Definitions:
Population Constant
A hypothetical situation where the population size remains unchanged over a period of time.
Living Standard
The level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a person, community, or country.
Total Fertility Rate
The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime based on current age-specific fertility rates.
Replacement Rate
The proportion of an individual's pre-retirement income that is paid out by a pension program upon retirement.
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