Bert Committed a Crime and Is Currently Undergoing a Polygraph

question 5

Multiple Choice

Bert committed a crime and is currently undergoing a polygraph test. He is trying some countermeasures that he read about on the Internet, and he is hoping that, with the help of these countermeasures (e.g., controlled breathing) , he will be able to fool the polygraph examiner. If he succeeds in fooling the examiner, he could be said to be a

• A)false negative.
• B)false positive.
• C)true negative.
• D)true positive.

Formulate null and alternative hypotheses for the Wilcoxon test based on the difference in medians.

Recognize the conditions under which to use nonparametric methods.

Understand the relevance of sample size in approximating normal distribution for the rank sum statistic.

Apply the Wilcoxon signed rank test for matched pairs or related samples.

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Definitions:

Genetic Relation

The biological connection between individuals through shared genes, determining familial links and hereditary traits.

Prosocial Behavior

Actions intended to benefit others or society as a whole, such as helping, sharing, and cooperating.

Empathy

The capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, essentially placing oneself in their position.

Empathy Gap

A cognitive bias where people underestimate the influence of feeling states (like pain or hunger) in themselves or others, leading to misunderstanding or lack of empathy.