After Controlling for Z, the Partial Correlation Coefficient Between X

question 4

Multiple Choice

After controlling for Z, the partial correlation coefficient between X and Y is the same value as the bivariate Pearson's r. This pattern would be taken as evidence of________.

• A) a direct relationship between X and Y.
• B) a spurious relationship between X and Z.
• C) interaction between X, Y, and Z.
• D) an intervening relationship between X and Y, interaction between X and Z.

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Definitions:

Familywise Error

The chance of encountering one or more incorrect rejections, known as type I errors, while testing several hypotheses.

Critical Value

A critical value is a point on the scale of a statistical distribution that corresponds to a specified level of significance for the testing of a hypothesis.

Complex Comparisons

Refers to analyses involving multiple comparisons within a set of data, typically requiring adjustment of significance levels to account for the increased risk of Type I error.

Analytical Comparisons

The process of examining differences between groups or variables using statistical methods.