After Controlling for Z, a Researcher Finds Evidence of a Spurious

question 9

Multiple Choice

After controlling for Z, a researcher finds evidence of a spurious relationship between X and Y. What step should be taken next?

• A) Z should become the new independent variable.
• B) Z should become the new dependent variable.
• C) Z should be disregarded and a new control variable should be selected.
• D) Z should be disregarded and a new independent variable should be selected.

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Definitions:

Refreezing

The process of stabilizing a group or organization after a change has been implemented, ensuring the new state becomes the norm.

Lewin's Basic Change Model

A three-step model (unfreezing, changing, refreezing) for implementing change within an organization, proposed by Kurt Lewin.

Reward Systems

Mechanisms or programs implemented by organizations to recognize and reward employees' performance and achievements.

Technological Advancements

The development and application of innovative technologies that improve and facilitate various aspects of human life, industry, and scientific research.