Explain the Difference Between Negative and Affirmative Defenses, Citing Examples

question 35

Essay

Explain the difference between negative and affirmative defenses, citing examples of each.

Understand the behavioral and physiological aspects of REM-sleep behavior disorder.

Explain the phenomenon of sleepwalking and its similarities with night terrors.

Distinguish between REM and non-REM sleep in terms of brain activity and dreaming.

Know the psychological and physiological mechanisms involved in drug tolerance, addiction, and withdrawal.

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Definitions:

Inedible

Something that is not suitable or safe for consumption as food.

Puzzle Box

An experimental apparatus used in animal learning research, where an animal must solve a problem or manipulate mechanisms to escape or obtain a reward.

Law of Effect

A principle in psychology that states behaviors followed by positive outcomes are likely to be repeated, while those followed by negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated.

Pleasurable Consequence

A positive outcome or reward that follows a behavior, increasing the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.