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Direct controls have traditionally been used heavily to control pollution in the United States.
Fixed Cost
Costs that do not vary with the level of output or production, such as rent, salaries, or insurance.
Average Fixed Cost
The fixed costs of production divided by the quantity of output produced, illustrating how fixed costs dilute over larger production volumes.
Average Variable Cost
The total variable cost divided by the quantity of output, representing the variable cost of producing one additional unit.
Marginal Cost
The financial outlay for making an additional unit of a product or service.
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