Where a Third Variable Influences Both the Independent and the Dependent

question 11

Multiple Choice

Where a third variable influences both the independent and the dependent variables it is said to be:

• A)annoying
• B)confounding
• C)spurious
• D)causal

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Definitions:

Overgeneralization

Distortion of thinking in which a person draws sweeping conclusions based on only one incident or event and applies those conclusions to events that are unrelated to the original; the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat and failure.

Extinction

The process through which a conditioned response is weakened by presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus, eventually leading to the response disappearing.

Behavioral Paradigms

refer to established models or patterns that outline specific methods for studying and understanding behavior.

Selective Abstraction

A cognitive distortion that involves focusing solely on certain negative aspects of a situation while ignoring the positive aspects.