Which of the Following Statements Is Not Associated with Differential

question 83

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is not associated with differential association theory?

• A)Criminals constitute a special type of conformist in that they conform to the norms of the group with which they associate.
• B)Contact with deviant subcultures alone is responsible for turning people into criminals.
• C)Exposure to criminal patterns and isolation from anti-criminal influences put people at risk of turning criminal.
• D)People learn criminal behaviour from closely interacting with those who engage in and approve of law-breaking activities.

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcer

An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as food or water, that satisfies a biological need.

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer.

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement, but is not demonstrated until a motivation is present.

Cognitive Maps

Mental representations of the layout of one's environment, enabling an individual to navigate through physical spaces.