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Income is "effectively connected" with the conduct of a U.S. business only if
Perceived Costs
The assumed disadvantages, losses, or negative outcomes associated with a particular decision or behavior.
Post-decisional Justification
The cognitive process of justifying one's choices after a decision has been made, often to reduce dissonance or regret.
Tacit Knowledge
Knowledge gained through personal experience and context that is difficult to transfer to others through written or verbal communication.
Mental Templates
Cognitive structures that help individuals organize and interpret information based on past experiences and knowledge.
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