Prevalence of Criminality Refers to Participation in Crime While Persistence

question 19

True/False

Prevalence of criminality refers to participation in crime while persistence refers to continuing criminal activity.

Describe the elements and processes involved in formal and informal channels of communication within an organization.

Appreciate the dynamics of ethnocentrism and semantic barriers in communication.

Understand the concept and significance of active listening in communication.

Recognize the various directions of communication flow (upward, downward, lateral) in organizations and their purposes.

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Definitions:

Defensiveness

A psychological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived threat, characterized by a protective behavior aimed to defend oneself from criticism or harm.

Substitutability

The degree to which one product or service can be replaced with another to satisfy the same need or want.

David McClelland

A psychologist known for his work on motivation theory, which includes the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power.

Strategic Contingencies

A concept in organizational theory that emphasizes the importance of adaptable strategies in response to changing environmental conditions.