At the End of a 52-Week Study to Determine How

question 30

Multiple Choice

At the end of a 52-week study to determine how to help smokers quit, subjects were randomly placed into a nicotine lozenge group or a placebo group.To determine if the randomization was effective, the proportion of males in each group was obtained.The researchers found that 42.9% of the 459 subjects given the nicotine lozenge were males, and 40.2% of the 458 subjects given the placebo were males.Determine the p-value and test decision for determining if the proportion of males in the two groups differed.Use α = 0.05.

• A) p-value = 0.601; fail to reject H₀
• B) p-value = 0.040; reject H₀
• C) p-value = 0.399; reject H₀
• D) p-value = 0.399; fail to reject H₀

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Definitions:

Understand

The ability to grasp the meaning, significance, or nature of something, including concepts, situations, or behaviors.

Persona

An aspect of an individual's character that is presented to or perceived by others, often considered as a social facade or role that one embodies in various contexts.

Mechanistic Behavior

Behavior explained through physical or mechanical processes, often neglecting emotional or psychological factors.

Mask

A facade or front that an individual presents to the world, often concealing their true thoughts or feelings.