When Testing H₀: π₁ - π₂ = 0 Versus H₁

question 112

Multiple Choice

When testing H₀: π₁ - π₂ = 0 versus H₁: π₁ - π₂ ≠ 0, the observed value of the Z test statistic was found to be -2.13. The p-value for this test is

• A) 0.0166.
• B) 0.0332.
• C) 0.9668.
• D) 0.9834.

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Definitions:

Continuous Reinforcement

A method in behavioral psychology where a desired behavior is reinforced every time it occurs, leading to faster learning.

Partial Reinforcement

A conditioning strategy where a behavior is reinforced only some of the time, often making the learned behavior more resistant to extinction.

Unconditioned Response

A natural, unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation when food is presented, inherent in classical conditioning.

Unconditioned Stimulus

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without needing prior learning.