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CASE STUDY 27.9 SO YOU THOUGHT SPINACH WAS GOOD FOR YOU

question 16

Multiple Choice

CASE STUDY 27.9
SO YOU THOUGHT SPINACH WAS GOOD FOR YOU?
For Questions , use the following narrative
Narrative: Case study 27.9 summary
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that the antioxidant beta-carotene markedly increased the incidence of lung cancer among heavy smokers in Finland.Incidence of lung cancer was 18% higher among the 14,500 smokers who took beta-carotene than among the 14,500 who didn't.The probability that the observed increase was due to chance is less than one in one hundred.(A difference in such studies is taken seriously when the probability that it happened by chance is less than one in twenty.) This result was particularly worrying to researchers and the media, because it comes from a large, randomized clinical trial, yet it goes against all the previously available evidence.Over a hundred epidemiologic studies indicate that people who have high levels of beta-carotene in their diet and in their blood have lower risks of cancer, particularly lung cancer.

-{Case study 27.9 narrative} "A difference in such studies is taken seriously when the probability that it happened by chance is less than one in twenty." What is this equivalent to saying?

Definitions:

Business Problem

A business problem is an issue or challenge faced by a company or organization that requires strategic planning and action to resolve for operational or financial improvement.

Informal Conversation

Casual and unstructured spoken exchange between people, often on personal or everyday topics.

Formal Research

Systematic investigation or study into material and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions in an official, structured manner.

Reliability

The quality or state of being reliable, dependable, or able to be trusted to do or perform as expected.