CASE STUDY 27.9 SO YOU THOUGHT SPINACH WAS GOOD FOR YOU

question 11

Essay

CASE STUDY 27.9
SO YOU THOUGHT SPINACH WAS GOOD FOR YOU?
For Questions , use the following narrative
Narrative: Case study 27.9 summary
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that the antioxidant beta-carotene markedly increased the incidence of lung cancer among heavy smokers in Finland.Incidence of lung cancer was 18% higher among the 14,500 smokers who took beta-carotene than among the 14,500 who didn't.The probability that the observed increase was due to chance is less than one in one hundred.(A difference in such studies is taken seriously when the probability that it happened by chance is less than one in twenty.)This result was particularly worrying to researchers and the media, because it comes from a large, randomized clinical trial, yet it goes against all the previously available evidence.Over a hundred epidemiologic studies indicate that people who have high levels of beta-carotene in their diet and in their blood have lower risks of cancer, particularly lung cancer.

-{Case study 27.9 narrative} What does the following statement mean, in statistical notation and terms? "The probability that the observed increase in lung cancer was due to chance is less than one in one hundred."

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Definitions:

Arrival Behavior

The pattern or characteristics of entities (such as people, vehicles, or data packets) arriving at a service system or facility, crucial for designing service processes and managing queues.

Renege

The act of withdrawing from an agreement, commitment, or duty, often leading to a breach of contract.

Waiting-Line Models

Mathematical models used to analyze the processes involving waiting lines (or queues), aimed at improving service efficiency and minimizing waiting times.

Operations Managers

Individuals responsible for managing the processes and practices involved in the production and delivery of goods and services in an organization.