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CASE STUDY 27.9 SO YOU THOUGHT SPINACH WAS GOOD FOR YOU

question 16

Multiple Choice

CASE STUDY 27.9
SO YOU THOUGHT SPINACH WAS GOOD FOR YOU?
For Questions , use the following narrative
Narrative: Case study 27.9 summary
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that the antioxidant beta-carotene markedly increased the incidence of lung cancer among heavy smokers in Finland.Incidence of lung cancer was 18% higher among the 14,500 smokers who took beta-carotene than among the 14,500 who didn't.The probability that the observed increase was due to chance is less than one in one hundred.(A difference in such studies is taken seriously when the probability that it happened by chance is less than one in twenty.) This result was particularly worrying to researchers and the media, because it comes from a large, randomized clinical trial, yet it goes against all the previously available evidence.Over a hundred epidemiologic studies indicate that people who have high levels of beta-carotene in their diet and in their blood have lower risks of cancer, particularly lung cancer.

-{Case study 27.9 narrative} "A difference in such studies is taken seriously when the probability that it happened by chance is less than one in twenty." What is this equivalent to saying?

Definitions:

Manufacturing Company

A business that produces finished goods from raw materials through the use of labor and machinery in a systematic process.

Cost Center

A function or department within an organization that does not directly add to profit but still incurs costs, such as HR or customer service departments.

Controllable Margin

A measure of profitability that focuses on the income and expenses directly controlled by a manager or business unit, excluding fixed costs.

Fixed Costs

Expenses that do not change with the level of production or sales activities over a relevant period.