Maria Developed a Fear of the Water When She Fell

question 122

Multiple Choice

Maria developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again. This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as

• A) extinction.
• B) second-order conditioning.
• C) stimulus generalisation.
• D) spontaneous recovery.

---

Definitions:

Quasi-experimental

A research design that attempts to establish cause-and-effect relationships but lacks random assignment of participants to control or experimental groups.

Correlational Investigations

Research methods that explore the relationship or association between two or more variables without determining causality.

Experiments

Controlled procedures carried out to investigate relationships between variables, often to test a hypothesis.

Quasi Experimental

A research design that attempts to establish a cause-and-effect relationship but lacks random assignment of participants to conditions.