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Which of the Spinal Muscles Control Segmental Vertebral Shearing and Torsion

question 8

Multiple Choice

Which of the spinal muscles control segmental vertebral shearing and torsion?


Definitions:

β-Ketoester

An ester compound containing a ketone group (C=O) at the beta-position relative to the ester group.

Claisen Condensation

A chemical reaction where two esters or an ester and a carbonyl compound react in the presence of a base to form a β-keto ester or a β-diketone.

Ester Enolate

A reactive intermediate formed from the deprotonation of an ester, used in various organic synthesis reactions.

pKa

A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution, representing the acid dissociation constant on a logarithmic scale.

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