Melanie Says That When a Diver Enters an Underwater Cave

question 38

Multiple Choice

Melanie says that when a diver enters an underwater cave of height y, the pressure on her is no greater than ρWgy. Rosalind says that if the bottom of the cave is a distance Y below the water surface, the pressure on the soles of the diver's feet can reach ρWgY. Which one, if either, is correct? (The density of water is ρW.)

• A)Melanie, because the roof of the cave absorbs the water pressure from above.
• B)Melanie, because only the fluid directly above any volume of the fluid can contribute to the pressure on that volume.
• C)Rosalind, because a fluid exerts equal pressure in all directions at a given depth.
• D)Rosalind, because the pressure also depends on ρc, density of the material above the cave roof, so that p = ρcg(Y  y) +  Wgy.
• E)Melanie, because the pressure equals p = ρWgH − ρcg(H − h).

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Definitions:

Insecure Attachment

A type of attachment style often resulting from early relationships with caregivers, characterized by anxiety or avoidance in relationships due to feelings of ungainliness or self-doubt.

Cries of Distress

Vocal expressions of pain, fear, or discomfort, indicating someone is in need of help or relief.

Authoritarian Parents

Parents who enforce strict rules and high expectations, often with little negotiation possible and punishment for non-compliance.

Obedience

The act of following orders or directions from a person in authority, often without question or resistance.