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Use the definition of partial derivatives as limits to find if .
Select the correct answer.
Probabilities
The mathematical likelihood of various outcomes occurring based on certain assumptions or historical data.
Systematic errors
Errors that consistently occur in the same direction every time a measurement is made, affecting the accuracy of results across a dataset.
Heuristics
Cognitive shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision making by reducing complex problem-solving to simpler judgment processes.
Ethical implications
The moral consequences or considerations arising from actions, decisions, or policies in personal, professional, or organizational contexts.
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