Experimental Studies Use Blinding to Prevent Researchers from Biasing Their

question 41

Essay

Experimental studies use blinding to prevent researchers from biasing their measurements of the subjects. In a study of a drug intervention, a clinician who was
"blinded" was asked to guess what treatment each subject received. Data from that
experiment are shown below. Suppose a person is to be chosen at random from the
subjects in this study. $$\begin{array}{l}\text { Frequencies for Blinding Experiment }\\\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline & \text { Correct Guess } & \text { Incorrect Guess } \\\hline \text { Drug } & 23 & 12 \\\hline \text { Standard treatment } & 32 & 6 \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$$ a) What is the probability that the clinician made a correct guess for the selected
subject?
b) What is the probability the selected subject received the drug treatment?
c) What is the probability the selected subject will be one for whom the clinician
correctly guessed as having received drug treatment?
d) What is the probability the selected subject will be one for whom the clinician
guessed correctly or who received the standard treatment?
e) What is the probability the selected subject will be one for whom the clinician
guessed correctly and who received the standard treatment?
f) In a few sentences, explain why the probabilities calculated in parts (d) and (e)
differ.

Comprehend the challenges and strategies for managing data.

Grasp the concept, purposes, and processes involved in Knowledge Management Systems (KMS).

Understand the structure and management of databases.

Recognize the significance of cardinality and relationships in databases.

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Definitions:

Fair Market Value

Refers to the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting, reflecting its value in the eyes of both buyer and seller.

Damages

Compensation sought by or awarded to a party in a lawsuit for losses or injuries incurred due to another party's actions or negligence.

Pleasure Marriage

A temporary marriage contract, recognized in some cultures or religions, primarily aimed at legalizing sexual relations for a determined period.

Premarital Contract

An agreement between individuals planning to marry that outlines the management of their assets and financial matters upon marriage.