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Hoofed Animals Such as Cattle and Sheep Are Classified as Browsers

question 9

Essay

Hoofed animals such as cattle and sheep are classified as browsers (leaf eaters) and
grazers (grass eaters). Some biologists believe that the incisor arcade of the teeth,
diagrammed below, is shaped differently for browsers and grazers, affecting their
food selection. The "curvature" of an incisor arcade is a measure of its shape; large
values indicate a longer, thinner mouth and small values a shorter, wider mouth. The
back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot below compares the curvatures of incisor arcades for
different species of browsers and grazers. Curvature, Browsers vs. Grazers
Browser species $\quad$ Grazer species
N=18 $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ N=54

$\begin{array}{l}&|1 \mathrm{H}|& 9 \\&|2 \mathrm{~L}|& 1 \\&|2 \mathrm{H}|& 889\\413 &|\mathrm{~L } |& 22244\\99885&|3H|&55566667778999999\\410&|4L|& 022223\\99987&|4 H|&55556666677778889\\321 &| 5 L|& 03\\&|5 \mathrm{H}|& 9 \\&|6 \mathrm{~L}| &0 \\&|6 \mathrm{H}| &\\&|7 \mathrm{~L}| &\\0&|7 \mathrm{H}|&\end{array}$
$Hoofed animals such as cattle and sheep are classified as browsers (leaf eaters) and grazers (grass eaters). Some biologists believe that the incisor arcade of the teeth, diagrammed below, is shaped differently for browsers and grazers, affecting their food selection. The curvature of an incisor arcade is a measure of its shape; large values indicate a longer, thinner mouth and small values a shorter, wider mouth. The back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot below compares the curvatures of incisor arcades for different species of browsers and grazers. Curvature, Browsers vs. Grazers Browser species \quad Grazer species N=18 \quad\quad\quad\quad N=54 \begin{array}{l} &|1 \mathrm{H}|& 9 \\ &|2 \mathrm{~L}|& 1 \\ &|2 \mathrm{H}|& 889\\413 &|\mathrm{~L } |& 22244\\99885&|3H|&55566667778999999\\410&|4L|& 022223\\99987&|4 H|&55556666677778889\\321 &| 5 L|& 03\\&|5 \mathrm{H}|& 9 \\ &|6 \mathrm{~L}| &0 \\ &|6 \mathrm{H}| &\\ &|7 \mathrm{~L}| &\\ 0&|7 \mathrm{H}|& \end{array} (a) Briefly describe each distribution, noting any unusual features of the data. (b) Some biologists believe browsers have thinner mouths because leafed plants frequently have thorns and spines. They think that browsers have evolved thinner mouths to get beyond the thorns and spines to the food part of the plant. Are the data in the back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot consistent with this theory? Justify your answer by appealing to specific aspect(s) of the plot.$ (a) Briefly describe each distribution, noting any unusual features of the data.
(b) Some biologists believe browsers have thinner mouths because leafed plants
frequently have thorns and spines. They think that browsers have evolved thinner
mouths to get beyond the thorns and spines to the food part of the plant. Are the
data in the back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot consistent with this theory? Justify
your answer by appealing to specific aspect(s) of the plot.

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