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Assume that by devoting all its resources to the production of X, nation Alpha can produce 40 units
of X. By devoting all its resources to Y, Alpha can produce 60Y. Comparable figures for nation Beta
are 60X and 40Y. If Alpha had produced 20X and 30Y and Beta had produced 30X and 20Y before
specialization and trade, then we can say that the gains from specialization and trade are 10X and
10Y.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
A belief or expectation that influences a person to act in ways that make that belief come true.
Low Expectations
Minimal anticipations or hopes for success, achievement, or performance, often leading to limited outcomes.
McDonalization
The process by which principles of fast food restaurants, like efficiency, predictability, and control, come to dominate various sectors of society.
Pepsi-Coke Wars
A colloquial term for the long-standing intense competitive and advertising battles between Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.
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