The Diagrams Represent Various States of Abnormal Hydration

question 13

Short Answer

The diagrams represent various states of abnormal hydration. In each diagram, the normal state (solid lines) is superimposed on the abnormal state (dashed lines) to illustrate the shifts in the volumes (width of rectangles) and total osmolarities (height of rectangles) of the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid compartments.

-A 22-year-old man runs a 10 km race on a 90 °F day. If he loses 3 liters of sweat and also drinks 3 liters of water during the race, which of the following changes would you expect, compared with normal, after absorption of the water? $\begin{array}{llll}\text { Intracellular } & \text { Intracellular } & \text { Extracellular } & \text { Extracellular } \\\text { Volume } & \text { Osmolarity } & \text { Volume } & \text { Osmolarity } \\\hline A.& \uparrow & \uparrow & \uparrow & \uparrow \\B.&\uparrow & \downarrow & \downarrow& \downarrow \\C.&\leftrightarrow & \downarrow& \leftrightarrow & \leftrightarrow \\D.&\downarrow& \uparrow & \uparrow & \uparrow \\E.&\downarrow & \downarrow & \downarrow& \downarrow\\\end{array}$

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Definitions:

Superimposing

The process of laying or placing one thing over another, typically so that both are still evident.

Patterning

The recurring or organized arrangement of elements in a particular sequence or design.

Construct

Bipolar quality or continuum used to classify people.

Selective Perception

Process of seeing, hearing, or making sense of the world around us based on such factors as our personality, beliefs, attitudes, hopes, fears, and culture, as well as what we like and do not like.