What Did Franz Boas Find in His Study of the Head

question 46

Multiple Choice

What did Franz Boas find in his study of the head shape of immigrants?

• A) The head shape of second-generation immigrants of different groups were more similar to each other than to their parents, indicating some influence of the environment on head shape.
• B) Children's head shapes were almost identical to their parents', indicating that head shape is a highly heritable trait.
• C) There is no relationship to either biology or to the environment in terms of head shape.
• D) Variation in head shape is greater among Italian immigrants than among German immigrants.

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Definitions:

Reinforcement

In operant conditioning, a reward that, when applied following a behavior, increases the frequency of that behavior. In classical conditioning, this refers to the pairing of an unconditioned stimulus (such as food) with a conditioned stimulus (such as a bell).

Operant Response

A behavioral response that is influenced by the consequences that follow it, central to B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory.

Entity Theory

In Dweck’s theory of motivation, an individual’s belief that abilities are fixed and unchangeable.

Incremental Theory

In Dweck’s theory of motivation, an individual’s belief that abilities can increase with experience and practice.