Two Vehicles Implement Different Approaches to Using Ethanol as a Fuel

question 9

Essay

Two vehicles implement different approaches to using ethanol as a fuel.
One vehicle burns the ethanol in an internal combustion engine with an efficiency of 18% to convert the chemical energy in the ethanol to mechanical energy supplied to the vehicle's wheels. The second vehicle uses electricity to charge batteries to run electric motors to drive the wheels. The electricity is produced by burning the ethanol in a heat engine to drive a generator with a net efficiency of 38%. The batteries/electric motors are 89% efficient. (a) Compare the relative amounts of ethanol needed for the two vehicles to travel the same distance.
(b) Compare the relative net $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ emissions for the two vehicles.

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Definitions:

Largest Stock Market

Typically refers to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or the NASDAQ, both of which are among the largest and most influential stock markets globally.

Expected Return

The average amount of profit or loss one can anticipate on an investment, accounting for the probabilities of varying outcomes.

Standard Deviation

A statistic that measures the dispersion of dataset relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance.

Covariance

A measure that indicates the extent to which two securities move in the same or opposite directions.