The Common Logical Mistake of Interpreting Association as Causation

question 66

Multiple Choice

The common logical mistake of interpreting association as causation:

• A)never occurs in the real world.
• B)is another term for the fallacy of composition.
• C)occurs when unrelated or coincidental events that occur at about the same time are said to have a cause-and-effect relationship.
• D)is the error of attributing what applies in the case of one to the case of many.
• E)occurs when one variable is closely associated with another variable.

Understand the concept of chemical shift and its relevance to structure determination.

Explain the relationship between nuclear spin states and the magnetic field.

Calculate frequencies and magnetic fields for proton resonances.

Differentiate between various proton environments in a molecule.

---

Definitions:

Callable Bonds

Bonds that are subject to redemption (buy back) at a stated dollar amount prior to maturity at the option of the issuer.

Common Stock

Shares of ownership in a corporation, giving holders voting rights and a portion of the company's profits through dividends.

Convertible Bonds

Bonds that can be converted into a predetermined number of the issuing company's shares at certain times during the bond's life, usually at the discretion of the bondholder.

Interest

The cost of borrowing money, represented as a percentage of the principal, paid by the borrower to the lender for the use of the funds.