The Pyramids of Giza Are One of the Most Visited

question 17

Essay

The Pyramids of Giza are one of the most visited monuments in Egypt. The number of visitors per quarter has been recorded (in thousands) as shown in the accompanying table: $$\begin{array}{l}\text { Year }\\\begin{array} { | l | c c c c | } \hline \text { Quarter } & 1995 & 1996 & 1997 & 1998 \\\hline \text { Winter } & 210 & 215 & 218 & 220 \\\text { Spring } & 260 & 275 & 282 & 290 \\\text { Summer } & 480 & 490 & 505 & 525 \\\text { Autumn } & 250 & 255 & 265 & 270 \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$$ a. Plot the time series.
b. Discuss why exponential smoothing is not recommended as a forecasting method in this case.
c. Calculate the four-quarter centred moving averages.
d. Use the moving averages computed in (c) to calculate the seasonal (quarterly) indexes.
e. Use the seasonal indexes computed in (d) to deseasonalise the original time-series data, and plot the deseasonalised time series.
f. Use regression analysis to develop the trend line.
g. Use the seasonal indexes calculated in (d) and the linear trend calculated in (f) to forecast the number of visitors in the next four quarters and describe the seasonal fluctuations in the number of visitors.

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Definitions:

Gender Stereotyping

The act of assigning expected behaviors, roles, or attributes to individuals solely based on their gender.

Gender Discrimination

Unfair or unequal treatment of individuals based on their gender, leading to disparities in opportunities, rights, and responsibilities.

Biological Approach

A way of looking at psychological issues by focusing on the physical and genetic bases of behavior and mental processes.

Evolutionary Basis

Refers to the underlying principles or reasons explained by evolution, typically in relation to the development of species or behaviors.